Re: [Project.diverse] Translations
by Diana Infante-De Leon
You are absolutely correct, Dr. Burke! There is another word in Spanish
that means chaos, but it is considered a type of swear word, called
“desmadre”. A popular Dual Language consultant/specialist and
Translanguaging advocate, Dr. Jose Medina, is well known for his phrase
“¡Desmadre! In the Name of Equidad (equity) and Social Justice!”. He was
one of the primary influences that sparked my passion for providing space
for Translanguaging and Cross-linguistic connections in Dual Language and
Bilingual education.
*Diana "Diane" Infante-De Leon, M.A.*
Early Childhood Special Education Teacher, NISD
diana.infante-deleon(a)nisd.net
P: 210-632-1418
On Fri, May 31, 2024 at 12:33 PM Burke, Mack <Mack_Burke(a)baylor.edu> wrote:
> I hope these aren’t swear words! MDB
>
> The English word "catawampus," meaning askew or awry, can be translated
> into Persian as "کج و معوج" (kaj o mo'oj), which captures the sense of
> something being out of alignment or crooked.
>
> The English word "catawampus" can be translated to Spanish as "chueco" or
> "torcido", which conveys a sense of something being askew or not aligned
> correctly. Another option could be "desordenado," which means disordered or
> chaotic, capturing another aspect of "catawampus."
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Project DIVERSE mailing list -- project.diverse(a)lists.it.utsa.edu
> To unsubscribe send an email to project.diverse-leave(a)lists.it.utsa.edu
>
5 months, 3 weeks
Translations
by Burke, Mack
I hope these aren’t swear words! MDB
The English word "catawampus," meaning askew or awry, can be translated into Persian as "کج و معوج" (kaj o mo'oj), which captures the sense of something being out of alignment or crooked.
The English word "catawampus" can be translated to Spanish as "chueco" or "torcido", which conveys a sense of something being askew or not aligned correctly. Another option could be "desordenado," which means disordered or chaotic, capturing another aspect of "catawampus."
5 months, 3 weeks
New word- catawampus
by Burke, Mack
For all of the bilingual folks- had to look this one up: catawampus! Say that 10 times- is there a Spanish translation?
https://www.wordorigins.org/big-list-entries/catawampus
“Both the concept and the practice of special education needs to be evolving, but that will require revolutionary changes in the way they are talked about and done. Disparaging comments about special education over many decades have damaged both its public image and its ability to help exceptional learners. Inappropriate comparisons of special education to racial segregation have been particularly illogical and nefarious. Such criticisms of special education reveal catawampus conceptual models.”
MDB
5 months, 3 weeks
The Inner Ring
by Burke, Mack
This email reminded me from moral psychology and for those that like CS Lewis (the author of Lion, Witch and Wardrobe and best friend of JR Tolkien of Lord of Rings fame)- I had sent this C.S. Lewis talk on the inner ring to my son when he graduated SMU- CS Lewis’s talk to the Kings College Graduation class at the end of WWII on “The Inner Ring.” It is to the graduating class preparing to rebuild England after the war (which would have been all male), with that caveat, the advice is timeless…some things are universal, including for doctoral scholars, everyone feels the same way at some point I think. Has some funny Freud quotes- who would have passed away in 1939 at the start of the war. And as he says- I think I am also turning into a middle age moralist as well. Mack
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9NpTcm8kxU
From: Susan Gates, PhD <sgates(a)faithandlaw.org>
Date: Thursday, May 30, 2024 at 2:05 PM
To: Burke, Mack <Mack_Burke(a)baylor.edu>
Subject: HILL INTERNS - Join us throughout this summer for FREE LUNCH and discussion groups, led by Christian Hill staffers for Capitol Hill interns
You don't often get email from sgates(a)faithandlaw.org. Learn why this is important<https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification>
[Image removed by sender.]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
[Image removed by sender.]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
I N T E R N R E A D I N G G R O U P
"The Inner Ring" by C.S. Lewis and "The Call" by Os Guinness
When: Monday, June 3, 2024 from 12:00 to 1:00 p.m.
Where: Rayburn 2261
RSVP<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
Faith and Law Intern Reading Groups are bi-monthly lunch time discussion groups, led by Christian Hill staffers, for Capitol Hill interns, where they explore and debate the complexities of particular policy issues as related to a series of articles or a book.
Our first Intern Reading Group of Summer 2024 will take place on Monday, June 3, from 12:00-1:00 PM in Rayburn 226.
We will be discussing The Inner Ring,<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...> by C.S. Lewis, and The Call: Everyone, Everywhere, Everything<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>, by Os Guinness.
Lunch will be provided, but please bring your own beverage.
Upcoming Intern Reading Group dates include:
* Friday, June 21, 2024
* Monday, July 8, 2024
* Thursday, July 11, 2024, special seminar with professors from Biola University
* Friday, August 2, 2024
* Monday, August 5, 2024, evening celebration.
Full time staffers - please extend this invitation to your office interns!
If you are a non-intern Hill Staffer looking to join one of our other reading groups (House, Senate, Off the Hill or Sr. Staffer), please visit our website<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...> for upcoming Reading Group details, or contact Susan at sgates(a)faithandlaw.org<mailto:sgates@faithandlaw.org?subject=Faith%20and%20Law%20Reading%20Group%20Information>.
RSVP<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
Additional Summer 2024 Events for Interns
[Image removed by sender.]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
F R I D A Y F O R U M
Up the Down Staircase: How to Build Up When Everything Seems to be Falling Down?
Baroness Philippa Stroud
Friday, June 7, 2024, from 12:00pm - 1:00pm
2237 Rayburn House Office Building
RSVP<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
[Image removed by sender.]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
F R I D A Y F O R U M
From the Garden to Government: What does Creation have to do with Politics?
Dr. Vincent Bacote
In Partnership with Center for Public Justice<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
Friday, June 14, 2024, from 12:00pm - 1:00pm
902 Hart Senate Office Building
RSVP<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
[Image removed by sender.]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
[Image removed by sender. Website]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
[Image removed by sender. Facebook]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
[Image removed by sender. LinkedIn]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
[Image removed by sender. Instagram]<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
www.faithandlaw.org<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...> info(a)faithandlaw.org<mailto:info@faithandlaw.org>
(202) 643-7685 P.O. Box 7585, Arlington, VA 22207
Subscribe to our podcast: iTunes<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...> | Google<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...> | Spotify<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...> | Stitcher<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...>
© 2024 Faith and Law
This email was sent to Mack_Burke(a)Baylor.edu<mailto:Mack_Burke@Baylor.edu>
why did I get this?<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/about?u=5ac511ea637f68c4598ce6a4...> unsubscribe from this list<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/unsubscribe?u=5ac511ea637f68c459...> update subscription preferences<https://faithandlaw.us14.list-manage.com/profile?u=5ac511ea637f68c4598ce6...>
Faith and Law · P.O. Box 7585 · Arlington, VA, VA 22207 · USA
5 months, 3 weeks
FW: Forgiveness Campaigns
by Burke, Mack
See below- the work at Havard and Baylor are doing around human flourishing and mental health/ wellbeing is pretty cool (one of my Ivy league exceptions…) especially in the context of an RCT… my guess is that no one does forgiveness really well (myself included…): REACH model: Recall the hurt; Empathize with the offender; realize forgiveness is an Altruistic gift; Commit to forgive; and Hold on to forgiveness during the return of anger. Might be good to think about in terms of cultural relevance (universals and particulars- is the idea of forgiveness universal? They did the RCT it in (Columbia, South Africa, Ukraine, Indonesia, and Hong Kong) Or particular to a culture?) and implications for those with disabilites as well…MDB
From: VanderWeele, Tyler J. <tvanderw(a)hsph.harvard.edu>
Date: Wednesday, May 29, 2024 at 3:12 PM
To: Burke, Mack <Mack_Burke(a)baylor.edu>
Subject: Forgiveness Campaigns
You don't often get email from tvanderw(a)hsph.harvard.edu. Learn why this is important<https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification>
This research update discusses the results of our forgiveness workbook randomized trial and forming local and international forgiveness campaigns.
[Image removed by sender.]
[Image removed by sender.]
Research Update: May 2024
Dear Friends,
This research update from the Human Flourishing Program<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> discusses the results of our recent forgiveness workbook randomized trial and the workbook’s potential to form the foundation of local, national, and international forgiveness campaigns.
Need for Forgiveness
These past months, our country and our world have witnessed numerous forms of conflict and tension, disagreement and violence. It is easy to become angry, and often there is just cause to do so. Anger itself can be channeled towards justice but, ultimately, seeking justice should involve a restoration and promotion of the good. To do that effectively, we also need to re-orient our own motivations and actions to seek the good of others, even those who have hurt us. Forgiveness is a practice to bring this about.
Forgiveness involves replacing ill-will towards an offender with good-will. Because of the wrongs we have experienced, our thoughts and feelings about others may be bitter, angry, or even hateful, but with forgiveness – without forgetting or discounting the past offense – we come to want good things for the offenders, to hope that they will flourish. This doesn’t necessarily mean foregoing just punishment for their wrongdoing; after all, justice or redress might be the very thing needed in order change, or it might be necessary to keep others safe from harm. Nonetheless, forgiving the wrongdoer does mean that you won’t seek such punishment out of a desire for vengeance, and that your pursuit of it will be tempered by a sense of mercy, flowing from your desire for his or her good.
[Image removed by sender.]
Bringing About Forgiveness
For many of us, however, forgiveness is a tall order. Resentment, rumination, and a desire for vengeance often return. Recognizing this, clinical psychologists have in recent decades drawn upon both psychological research and also deep religious and cultural traditions concerning forgiveness to better understand how forgiveness can be brought about.
One such approach is Everett Worthington’s REACH model: Recall the hurt; Empathize with the offender; realize forgiveness is an Altruistic gift; Commit to forgive; and Hold on to forgiveness during the return of anger. The effectiveness of this forgiveness model has been studied in dozens of randomized trials<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> in clinical settings. However, truly promoting global forgiveness requires approaches that are more easily disseminated. To try to bring this about, over the past years, we have worked with Dr. Worthington and others to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-directed workbook version<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> of the REACH forgiveness approach.
Our Forgiveness Randomized Trial
Our forgiveness workbook randomized trial was carried about with about 4500 participants in 5 relatively high conflict countries: Columbia, South Africa, Ukraine, Indonesia, and Hong Kong. We’ve given further details of the trial design and the REACH forgiveness model in an earlier post<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>. However, we are happy to now report that the results of that trial were just recently published in BMJ Public Health<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>. The self-directed forgiveness workbook, which takes about 2-3 hours to complete, did effectively promote forgiveness. But it also effectively reduced depression and anxiety, and improved flourishing. Given the important effects of the forgiveness workbook, and its easy costless dissemination, we believe the workbook could be used as a cornerstone of local, national, and even international campaigns to promote forgiveness. The workbook is now available in translation<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> into the primary languages of more than two-thirds of the world’s population.
Forgiveness Campaigns
We need forgiveness. Right now, much of the news and social media we consume add fuel to the fires of tension and hatred. Some of this reporting is important. But if we are going to bring about greater societal flourishing, we need to re-orient ourselves to seek the good of others, of those with whom we disagree, or by whom we are offended. Bringing about more global forgiveness could be greatly facilitated by campaigns designed to promote forgiveness.
To better understand how to most effectively carry out such campaigns, we have worked with researchers at Universidad del Sinú in Columbia to examine changes in forgiveness, anxiety, depression, and flourishing both before and after a 4-week forgiveness campaign, and how such changes potentially varied by campaign activity. While such pre-/post- designs do not have the same level of rigor as randomized trials, they can be helpful in assessing how activities and campaigns might be effective in practice, and the results of this campaign study were just recently published<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> in the International Journal of Public Health.
The forgiveness campaign included 16 different campus-wide activities ranging from the dissemination of the REACH forgiveness workbook<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> to forgiveness movies, webinars, journals, and social media marathons, to forgiveness walls and trees and group activities. Participants were free to engage in as many of these as desired and data was collected on about 2800 participants. Overall forgiveness, depression, anxiety, and flourishing all improved during the course of the campaign, though there was considerable variability in improvements, and in participation, by activity. In general, the greater the number of activities, the greater the improvement. Amongst the various activities, the REACH workbook and the forgiveness animated videos had both high participation rates and strong association with improvements in forgiveness. More details are available in the paper<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>, but we hope that the study will help inform future forgiveness campaign efforts. And we are continuing our partnership with Andrea Bechara and Maria Fatima Bechara at Universidad del Sinú, and their new Flow Center<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>, to better understand promoting campus-wide flourishing.
Potential for Future Forgiveness
Given the effectiveness of the REACH workbook intervention and its free accessibility in so many different languages, efforts can, and arguably should, be made to disseminate it. This could be done in the context of psychiatric care and clinical counseling for those struggling with anger who want to forgive, but are having trouble doing so. The workbooks could be disseminated at the community level as an important preventive<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> mental health resource. The workbooks could be disseminated within religious communities to help facilitate the forgiveness that such groups already value. The workbooks could be disseminated in schools, and universities, and workplaces, possibly accompanied by videos, lectures, and group activities to promote forgiveness. If we truly desire to be oriented towards seeking the good of others, even amidst conflict, we need such efforts to promote forgiveness, and to thereby bring healing, and better flourishing, for all.
Tyler J. VanderWeele<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>,
John L. Loeb and Frances Lehman Loeb Professor of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
Director, Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University
A permanent link to this research note is available here:
[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/human-flourishing/202405/the-impo...<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>]
You are welcome to distribute or re-post the link to this research update elsewhere.
The Human Flourishing Program grants reporters and journalists permission to re-use and quote any of the above material, provided proper attribution is given.
Key References and Related Articles
* Ho, M. Y., Worthington, E., Cowden, R., Bechara, A. O., Chen, Z. J., Gunatirin, E. Y., Joynt, S., Khalanskyi, V.V., Korzhov, H., Kurniati, N.M.T., Rodriguez, N., Salnykova, A., Shtanko, L., Tymchenko, S., Voytenko, V.L., Zulkaida, A., Mathur, M. and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). International REACH Forgiveness Intervention: A multi-site randomised controlled trial<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>. BMJ Public Health, 2:e000072.
* Bechara, A.O., Chen, Z.J., Cowden, R.G., Worthington, E.L., Toussaint, L., Rodriguez, N., Murillo, H.G., Ho, M.Y., Mathur, M.B., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2024). Do forgiveness campaign activities improve forgiveness, mental health, and flourishing<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>? International Journal of Public Health, 69:1605341.
* The Power of Forgiveness<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>. Psychology Today. Human Flourishing Blog. April 2023.
* Balancing Negative News Reporting: Promoting the Good<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>. Psychology Today. Human Flourishing Blog. June 2020.
* Long, K., Worthington, E.L., VanderWeele, T.J. and Chen, Y. (2020). Forgiveness of others and subsequent health and well-being in mid-life: a longitudinal study on female nurses<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>. BMC Psychology, 8:104.
* VanderWeele, T.J. (2018). Is forgiveness a public health issue?<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> American Journal of Public Health, 108:189-190.
Program Updates
Forgiving What You Can't Forget Podcast
[Image removed by sender.]<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>
In this podcast<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>, Tyler VanderWeele discusses the benefits and challenges of forgiveness along with Laura Thompson (clinical and consulting psychologist) and Matthew Ichihashi Potts (Plummer Professor of Christian Morals and the Pusey Minister in the Memorial Church).
New Collaboration with FLOW
[Image removed by sender.]<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>
We are excited to highlight one of our collaborative partners, FLOW<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>, a happiness center at Sinú University in Montería, Colombia. FLOW offers free yoga and mindfulness classes to the Unisinuano community in order to increase access to physical and mental well-being resources. Our work together focuses on positive education.
Our Mission
The Human Flourishing Program<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> at Harvard’s Institute for Quantitative Social Science aims to study and promote human flourishing, and to develop systematic approaches to the synthesis of knowledge across disciplines. You can sign up here<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> for a monthly research e-mail from the Human Flourishing Program, or click here<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> to follow us on Twitter. For past postings please see our Psychology Today Human Flourishing Blog<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>.
If this email was forwarded to you, you can sign up here<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>
[Image removed by sender. Twitter]<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>
[Image removed by sender. Website]<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>
Program Website<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> | Support Us<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> | Give Online<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/track/click?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...>
This email was sent to Mack_Burke(a)baylor.edu<mailto:Mack_Burke@baylor.edu>
why did I get this?<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/about?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92012&id...> unsubscribe from this list<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/unsubscribe?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92...> update subscription preferences<https://harvard.us12.list-manage.com/profile?u=c6412613756a3f960a5d92012&...>
The Human Flourishing Program at Harvard University · 12 Arrow Street · Cambridge, MA 02138 · USA
5 months, 4 weeks
Project LEER at UTSA - Summer 2024
by Richard Boon
Hi Everyone,
Just FYI.
Introduction to SPE 3603 - 01J N=46
Introduction to SPE 3603 - 01L N=51
Total N=97
Thanks!
Kind regards,
Richard
5 months, 4 weeks
Re: Project LEER - Lanier HS (SAISD)
by Perrott, Lisa J
Wonderful, thanks for the updates! 😀
Lisa Bowman-Perrott, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Haynes Faculty Fellow
Department of Educational Psychology
Special Education Division
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX 77843-4225
(979) 862-3879 (office)
(979) 862-1256 (fax)
________________________________
From: Richard Boon <Richard.Boon(a)utsa.edu>
Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2024 6:26 PM
To: project.leer(a)lists.it.utsa.edu <project.leer(a)lists.it.utsa.edu>
Subject: [Project.leer] Project LEER - Lanier HS (SAISD)
Hi Everyone, I met with Dr. Cruz, Assistant Principal, at Lanier HS in SAISD this afternoon and we are a go for PD and CWPT. Also, we will need IRB forms translated in Dard, Urdu, and Swahili. Thanks! Kind regards, Richard PS: Tafolla MS is
ZjQcmQRYFpfptBannerStart
This Message Is From an External Sender
This message came from outside your organization.
ZjQcmQRYFpfptBannerEnd
Hi Everyone,
I met with Dr. Cruz, Assistant Principal, at Lanier HS in SAISD this afternoon and we are a go for PD and CWPT.
Also, we will need IRB forms translated in Dard, Urdu, and Swahili.
Thanks!
Kind regards,
Richard
PS: Tafolla MS is interested too!
5 months, 4 weeks
Inclusion and special education
by Burke, Mack
This isn’t a bad piece. I have framed more and more of my work around inclusion AND special education- or inclusive special education within the context of MTSS. It isn’t the inclusion part that is problematic- it is the “full” part- all the time, no exceptions (which includes things like “pull out” classrooms for direct instruction- “push in” is now what it is being replaced by…). I usually dislike most of the ivy leagues. You wouldn’t expect it unless been around for a while (I am getting old)- not all, but for the most part- people coming out of the ivy leagues seem to hate special education, are arrogant, ideological, and dislike evidence based practices…all my thorny biases to be sure 😊- this one is from Columbia from someone in deaf ed. At least there is acknowledgement now that there are people who want to dismantle special education as a discipline. How inclusion is expressed will likely be a major issue in disability over the next decade. MDB
“Through the years, the historical perspectives of special education and inclusion shifted and
changed. In the early years, much of the practice was focused on the welfare of the majority as seen in
isolation or segregating individuals with disabilities from the society. Eventually as the civil rights
movement rose with the philosophies of social justice, the focus also shifted to the welfare of the
individuals with disabilities [9,29]. This shift in perspective aenacted how school placements were
determined and eventually gave rise to the concept of the LRE. In essence, people perceived the
concept of putting an individual with disability in the LRE as the humane thing to do and isolating or
segregating them as unjust and inhumane. This is often the argument of those who advocate for full
inclusion and the dismantling of special education as a discipline [13]”
5 months, 4 weeks